The Origins of the Anglo-French Conflict (1337-1453)

Underlying Dynastic and Territorial Disputes

Complex interweaving of familial ties and land claims provided fertile ground for conflict. The English crown, possessing significant territories within France (primarily Aquitaine), owed homage to the French king, a situation that fostered resentment and fueled ambitions for greater autonomy or complete sovereignty.

The English Claim to the French Throne

King Edward III of England asserted a claim to the French throne through his mother, Isabella, the daughter of Philip IV of France. The French, however, invoked Salic law, which prohibited female inheritance of the crown, to exclude Edward's claim and install Philip VI, leading to a significant point of contention.

Economic Rivalries and Flemish Alliances

Economic competition, particularly in the wool trade, intensified tensions. England relied heavily on Flemish cloth production, while Flanders was formally under French control. English support for Flemish autonomy against French interference further exacerbated the situation.

Escalating Tensions and Provocations

Numerous incidents and provocations contributed to the outbreak of sustained warfare. These included French support for Scottish incursions into England, disruptions to English wool exports, and French raids on English coastal towns.

Formal Declaration of Hostilities

In 1337, Philip VI formally declared the Duchy of Aquitaine forfeit to the French crown, effectively initiating open conflict. Edward III responded by formally claiming the French throne, solidifying the justification for decades of warfare.

Key Figures Involved

• Edward III of England: English monarch who laid claim to the French throne.
• Philip VI of France: The first Valois king of France, whose claim to the throne was contested by Edward III.
• French Nobility: The desires and rivalries within the French nobility influenced many events and decisions during the conflict.